The Rights Of Same Sex Couples - 1118 Words

Soppho: Have you heard, Socrates, that our government is intending to extend the rights of marriages to same-sex couples? Under that change, gay partners will then be recognized equally as heterosexual husbands and wives. Socrates: Yes, but politicians and those in positions of influence have no business to mess with the standard of God relating to marriage, let alone decide to debate this issue as if it is open for discussion. Because of the way they are boasted, they don’t have a proper perspective on themselves and where they fit in this life. The standard is clear by the way that men and women are made, so the coupling of heterosexuals is shown to be divine. Soppho: That’s bigotry, if you will feel the love between homosexuals is†¦show more content†¦Crazy, right? Road to equality! Socrates: Here’s what you have to understand about bans on interracial marriage: they were designed to divide the races, and that was and is wrong. Traditional marriage encourages and supports bringing the genders together, which is good. Ethnicity is not a fundamental merit or facet of marriage. But gender is. Therefor, including interracial couples does not draw an analogy for the redefinition of marriage. Interracial, opposite-sex couples can still produce biological children together. Same-sex marriage is a redefinition of marriage—that’s something very different. Soppho: First, you have some things right (tradition, racism) but fail to provide an example of when it is ever okay to pass a form of discrimination against gay people. Second, if restricting the legality of marriage based on race is what you say it is — racial discrimination — why ban the legal recognition of a choice of partner on the basis of gender? That would qualify as sex discrimination. Socrates: Must our jurisdiction then permit the marriage between polygamous parties? If marriage is redefined so that the sex of spouses is irrelevant, why stop there? It can be further refined so that even the age and blood relation of the spouses is also irrelevant. If marriage is a fundamental rights issue, there can be no grounds for saying no to polygamists or non-consenting unions. Soppho: Setting aside how

Mitosis And Phase Of Mitosis Essay - 1029 Words

Discovering Mitosis (its not just a phase you going through) Mitosis tried its best to break me. All the phases to remember and all the functions of the phases seriously couldn’t the human body be a little easier to comprehend. At first glance Mitosis seemed not so complicated until realising the intricacies of the process. I grasped the basic principle of mitosis in its simplest form, cells divide. The four phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase all had a part to play in cell division but what each phase contributed I could not understand. also over the whole cell cycle there was really a total of nine phases if you count the interphase, mitotic phase, G1 phase, G2 phase and S phase I needed some clarification. I endeavoured to find out answers to four questions to clarify and understand clearly. †¢ The specifics of interphase and mitotic phase †¢ What each phase did. †¢ Why it was important that cell division happened in a specific order †¢ Find a system to remember the phases and their properties My aim is to seek out resources to help me find the answers I need and solidify the details for me to recall easily. Resource #1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3739956411feature=ivsrc_vid=gwcwSZIfKlMv=f-ldPgEfAHI Resource #2 Cell and Molecular biology by Dr Gupta P.K chapter 17 page 287-298 Resource #1 analysis This video clip has been created by Sarina Paterson and Briana Rapini they are sisters who are passionate about science. SarinaShow MoreRelatedMitosis And The Phase Of Interphase Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesMitosis results in the formation of two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the diploid parent cell because the full sequence of DNA is replicated during the S phase of interphase. This creates two identical copies of DNA (if properly conducted without error, as is most often the case), but the chain remains in its unraveled form as chromatin until prophase of mitosis. Then, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and each pair of duplicated chromosome joins together. Each chromosomeRead MoreMitosis And Onion Root Tip Cells And Record The Different Phases Of Mitosis1268 Words   |  6 PagesAim: To observe mitosis in onion root tip cells and record the different phases of mitosis. Hypothesis: It is expected that the most common phase of mitosis seen will be interphase as the cell spends around ninety percent of its time in this phase. This is because interphase is the period between cell division in which the cells grows, DNA replicates and centrioles divide. It is such a long phase that it is even split into three sub-phases; G1 phase in which a cell grows, S phase or synthesis, inRead MoreFactors Affecting Human Development During Phases Of Meiosis And Mitosis2070 Words   |  9 PagesThe process of nondisjunction can occur in human development during phases in meiosis and mitosis. The irregularity results in an abnormal amount of chromosomes in the produced cells and causes alterations in those who are affected. Nondisjunctional consequences can be seen in these five examples of genetic inheritance conditions discussed in this paper: Down syndrome, Patau’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner’s syndrome. The Mendelian pri nciples of genetics developedRead MoreAp Biology Lab Report 41269 Words   |  6 Pageson mitosis and meiosis. This lab was done by observing mitosis in plant and animal cells, comparing the relative lengths of the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells, stimulating the stages of meiosis, observing evidence of crossing-over in meiosis using Sordaria fimicola, and estimating the distance of a gene locus from its centromere. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division, where the nucleus of the cell divides, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompaniedRead MoreMitosis and Meiosis Practical Report1451 Words   |  6 PagesAND REPLICATION WITHIN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS ABSTRACT The processes of mitosis and meiosis were examined along with their frequency as well as each of the different steps and their time duration. It was found that the interphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis was the longest of all the stages as this was where most of the ‘action’ was happening such as cell growth and duplication of all cell organelles and chromosome replication also. It was also found that mitosis and meiosis have similarRead MoreCellular Division : The Process Of Cell Division1399 Words   |  6 Pagesforms of cellular division are Mitosis and Meiosis. Through analyzing what categorizes each process students can get a better understanding of cellular division. (Mike)Mitosis Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in the creation of two identical daughter cells. The purpose of Mitosis is, in most cases, growth and repair of an organism. This process of cell division is divided into either five or six phases depending on your sources of information. These phases are Interphase, Prophase,Read MoreThe X 3c : Anaphase1455 Words   |  6 Pagesmeristem region, so that you have a field of view in which there is a wide selection of cells in various stages of mitosis (including interphase). Be sure to adjust your light for optimum viewing. Refer to Figure 3A, 3B, 3C: Stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells for guidance. Find a representative cell for each stage of mitosis on the onion slide and draw a clear diagram of the different phases you observed in the accompanying space. Be sure to draw only what you see, but include all details that areRead MoreThe Phases of the Cell Cycle Essay examples569 Words   |  3 Pagestaking approximately 5-6 hours , S phase for synthesis taking approximately 10-12 hours, roughly half the cell cycle time, G2 meaning GAP 2 taking approximately 4-6 hours , and M for mitosis which can take a hour or less. Mitosis is broken down even further into four more phases in itself. These phases of mitosis in order create the acronym PMAT. The four phases of mitosis are: the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The cell cycle is actually two phases, the interphase which is ~90% of theRead MoreVarious Phases that Make Up the Cell Cycle Essay examples1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe two main phases that occur during a cell cycle are interphase and mitosis. During most of a cell cycle, the cell spends a majority of its time in interphase resting in the cell cycle. Within interphase, the cell goes through 3 phases; 2 growth phases and DNA replication. During Interphase the cell goes through its first gap phase (G1). During G1 protein and RNA synthesis occurs so that the cell can grow and mature. (Cooper, Geoffrey M) G1 is very important because it controls the rate at whichRead MoreCell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis1435 Words   |  6 PagesBiology (CP8121) Experiment 2: Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on cell specimens (Formal report) Name: Wong Chung An Class: DMLS/FT/1B/02 Admin number: P1138687 Summary This experiment aims to observe mitosis and meiosis on cell specimens. It involves the modelling of the stages of meiosis and also the staining procedures to identify mitosis in onion root tip. There are two parts to the procedure of the experiment whereby the first is staining and observing mitosis in onion root tips and the second being

The Capital Asset Pricing Model

Question: What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model? Explain. Answer: A portfolio may be defined as a bundle of securities. The whole purpose of modern Portfolio Theory is to explain the benefit of diversification i.e. risk reduction effect of a portfolio. We should not invest our wealth in a single stock. We should invest in a portfolio. Whenever, we combine two or more assets in a portfolio, risk reduction depends upon co-relation. As we move further into the portfolio theory, we will find that- lower the co-relation, greater is the risk reduction. In this theory, we assume that the investors are rational which means that investor love higher return and they hate risk. Investor would therefore like to choose a stock or portfolio with a high expected return and a low risk.(Fama, 2004) However, if the markets are efficient, risk and return go hand in hand. There exists a direct relationship in between risk and return i.e. the more is the amount of return involved, the higher is the risk associated with that stock or portfolio and vice-versa. The direct relationship between the return and risk is depicted in the diagram below, x-axis denotes risk whereas y-axis denotes the amount of expected return, it can be seen in the diagram as the amount of risk is increasing, the amount of expected return is also increasing accordingly.(Bernstein, 1974) The following table also helps to determine the risk and return relationship: Particulars Expected return Risk Stock A 22% 6% Stock B 25% 7% Stock C 28% 8% Stock D 31% 9% As per the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the only relevant measure of stocks risk is Beta. Beta helps to measure the volatility of the stock i.e. it shows the degree of change in the price of the stock (up and down) with the change in the stock market. For example- A stock with a beta of 2.5 would rise by 50% if market rose by 20% and will fall by 50%, if market fell by 20%. Beta helps to therefore determine the relationship in between the risk and the expected return. If the stock price moves exactly in line with the market, then beta of that stock is equal to 1. Capital Asset Pricing Model provides a good account for pricing a firms debt or equity through the use of Beta. Portfolio Beta is a weighted average of the Betas of the stock in the portfolio. Weight of each stock is taken according to its current market value. Fund Managers normally engage in Market timing in the following manner: If Market is expected to fall, fund managers reduces the Beta of its portfolio by shifting from high Beta stock to low Beta stock or to risk free stocks. If Market is expected to rise, fund managers increase the Beta of its portfolio by shifting from low Beta stock to high Beta stock. The central theme of Capital Asset Pricing Model is that the risk can be decomposed into systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk is diversifiable i.e. it can be killed by diversification. So the only relevant risk is systematic risk which is captured by Beta.(Basu, 1983) Systematic risk is that part of the variance which arises because of the economy wide factors; hence it is also called as market risk.(Mclure, 2014) Following are the assumptions on which The Capital Asset Pricing Model depends on which also forms a part of the fundamental feature of this model, the assumptions are as follows: Category 1: Investor Related Investor are rational Investor have uniform single period investment horizon Investor have homogenous expectation Category 2: Risk Free Rate Related There is unlimited borrowing or lending opportunity at risk free rate. Category 3: Market Related Markets are perfectly competitive i.e. large number of investors, no taxes, no transaction cost, no restriction on short selling and fully divisible securities are available. Under the Capital Asset Pricing Model world, investor invest in the most diversified portfolio i.e. market portfolio and combine that with risk free rate borrowing or lending. In short, all investors lie along the Capital market Line and they enjoy the highest SHARPE Ratio.(Ross, 2012) Asset prices under the Capital Asset Pricing Model are determined by using discounted cash flows, since cash flows are uncertain the required return is risk adjusted return. Systematic risk is measured in terms of Beta i.e. sensitivity with respect to market.(Jr, 1982) A portfolio may be defined as a bundle of securities. The whole purpose of modern Portfolio Theory is to explain the benefit of diversification i.e. risk reduction effect of a portfolio. We should not invest our wealth in a single stock. We should invest in a portfolio. Whenever, we combine two or more assets in a portfolio, risk reduction depends upon co-relation. As we move further into the portfolio theory, we will find that- lower the co-relation, greater is the risk reduction Under the Capital Asset Pricing Model, Expected Return = Risk free rate + (Market return rate Risk free rate)* Beta. Capital Asset Pricing Model is of relevance to the corporate managers because of the following reasons which are as follows:(Perold, 2004) Capital Asset Pricing Model considers only systematic risk thus reflects the reality in which most of the investors have their portfolios diversified, from which there is a total elimination of the unsystematic risk. Capital Asset Pricing Model provides a better approach than the WACC in providing the use of discount rate for the purpose of the appraisal of investment. Capital Asset Pricing Model helps to provide a theoretical relationship in between the return and systematic risk. Capital Asset Pricing Model is a better method for calculation of cost of equity rather than dividend growth model. The academic community is turning away from the Capital Asset pricing Model because of the following reasons which are as follows: Calculation of Beta is not so easy under this model. It is difficult to calculate the specific-project discount rate. Short-term government debt yield is not fixed; it changes with the change in economic circumstances. Category 1: Investor Related Investor are rational Investor have uniform single period investment horizon Investor have homogenous expectation Conclusion The relevance of CAPM thus can be understood with the help of the concept of the decisions of the corporate managers that are taken on the basis of the various risk return concepts and the corporate mangers use rate of return and cost of capital into consideration for the same and the decision is based on the same. This theory helps to find the relevant rates of return for the projects and other fianc related areas.(French, 2004) References Banz, R. (1981). The Relationship between Return and Market Value of Common Stocks. Journal of Financial Economics , 3-18. Basu, S. (1983). The Relationship between Earnings Yield, Market Value and the Return for. Journal of Financial Economics , 126-156. Bernstein, P. L. (1974). Portfolio Management. The Journal of Portfolio Management , 1-3. Fama, E. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 25-46. French, E. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 25-46. Jr, D. W. (1982). Does the Capital Asset Pricing Model Work. Harvard Business Review , 1-1. Mclure, B. (2014). CApital Asset pricing Model. investopedia , 1-1. Perold, A. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 1-18. Ross, S. A. (2012). THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM), SHORT-SALE RESTRICTIONS AND RELATED ISSUES. The Journal of Finance , 1-4. Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French. 2004. "The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence."Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3): 25-46.

Taxation Income Tax Law

Question: Discuss about the Taxation for Income Tax Law. Answer: 1: Capital gain refers to the difference between the acquisition costs and proceeds from capital of the capital gain tax. There are three methods that can be used for the calculation of capital gain tax. The first method is the discount methods that are applied for more than twelve months before the event of the capital gain tax (Newnham, 2012). The second method is indexation method that would be applied when the assets are acquired or purchased before the date of September 21st and held that assets for more than twelve months before the event of the relevant capital gain tax. The final method or the third method is the residual method that is applied when the assets are held for around less than 12 months. Therefore, the computation of the capital gains is estimated by applying the following the three methods. Items that are exempted from gain on the sale of the capital asset are as follows: The property that is acquired before the date of September 20th 1985 that is: Motor vehicles Selling of the residential house Reimbursed amount for the particular injuries Any collectable amount that is acquired at less than the cost of $500 Carry forward of the losses that arises from the capital gains Capital loss (long term): The long term losses of capital can be set off against the capital gain in long term only. It is not possible for other set off. Therefore, it can be carried forward to the successive assessment years and to be set off against the long term loss of capital only. Capital loss (short term): The capital losses in short term can be set off against the same sources or from the capital gain in long term (Prince, 2011). Therefore, it can be carried forwarded to the successive assessment years and to be set off against both the long term gains and short term gains. In the given case study, Mr. Dave Solomon who is living in a two storey building for the last 30 years and the building was purchased for an amount of $70,000. The building was sold by him on 27th June for an amount of $8, 50,000 of the tax year. However, the resident was sold originally at an auction and the purchaser paid $85,000 as the advance money against the purchase of the resident. But, consequently the purchaser did not have enough money to purchase the resident and hence the advance amount was forfeited (Meagher and Agrawal, 2008). The amount of money $85,000 that was received should be charged to the Income from the other sources. Computation of the capital gain Calculation of the capital gain Proceed from sale = $8, 65,000 The sale proceed is exempted under CST I.E home exemption (family) Long term capital gain = NIL The painting of the pro hart that was purchased on the date September 20th, 1985 for an amount of $15,000 that was sold for an amount of $1,25,000 The capital gains are as follows: Sale Proceeds= $1, 25,000 Less: Indexed acquisition cost 15,000*123.4/71.3 = $25,961 Long Term Capital Gain = $150, 961he luxury motor cruiser that was purchased in 2004 for an amount of $1,10,000 and was sold on June 1st of the current accounting year to the local boar broker for an amount of $60,000 Hence the capital gain would be as follows: Proceeds from sale = $60,000 Less: Indexed acquisition cost = $ 1, 10,000 Long term capital loss = $50,000 The parcel of shares was sold by him in a listed mining organization that was new on June 5th of the current fiscal year for an amount of $80,000. On 10th January, the shares were purchased by him in the current year for an amount of $75,000 (Lee Jae Ho, 2009). The sale brokerage of the shares was paid by him of amount $750 and the stamp duty for the share was purchased for an amount of $250. According to the income tax law, the loan interest is not the part of the acquisition cost. Therefore, loan interest has not been included. Part a Hence, the capital gain would be as follows: Proceed from sale= $80,000 Less: Brokerage = $750 Less: Acquisition cost = $75,000 Less: Stamp duty = $250 Short Term Capital Loss = $4,000 The tax return of the Mr. Dave for the current accounting year at the end of June 30th of the previous fiscal year shows the net capital loss of amount $10,000 from sale of the shares. The amount can be adjusted with the long term capital gain of current year (Poff, 2015). So, the net capital gain in long term for the current fiscal year is $1, 04,961 - $10,000 = $94,961 Part b The net capital gain is the total amount gain from the sale of the capital assets minus all the losses incurred on the sale of the capital assets that includes loss on the sale of the capital assets from the previous year (Yoon Oh, 2012). Therefore, it can be concluded that capital gain tax is not the separate tax. The capital gain assets forms the part of the assessable income and subsequently the tax must be paid on the gain earned from the sale of the capital assets in the current income year is which the sale of the asset was took place (KimSungKyun, 2007). The gain on the sale of assets was earned by Mr. Dove as result he contributed funds to his superannuation fund. Therefore, he has to maintain records when major and important transaction took place that includes purchase receipts, interest on loans, legal fees, and expense paid for litigation fees. The records include maintenance and repairs of the assets and the records of the brokerage paid on the shares. Part c The net capital loss is sum of all the losses earned from the sale of the capital assets that includes loss from the previous year. It is not possible forassessed to set off the capital losses from other source of the income but must carry forward for the following years and deducting it from the capital gains earned in the subsequent years. However, the capital losses can be carried forward for the indefinite periods (Hewson, 2014). The assessed does have the legal rights to select not to set off the capital losses against the capital gain and they can deduct the losses as per the choice with the capital gain. In case, if positive gain is not there for Dave then he may sale more assets or takes loan that will contribute to the personal superannuation funds and ten purchasing the rented apartment and withdrawing the tax amount for the superannuation fund and attaining the age of 60 in the next year of august. 2 Part a) Periwinkle Pty Ltd is Manufacturer Company, mainly produce bathtub. The company sells it products directly to the customers. The company has an employee named Emma and on May 1, 2015 the company gave a car to Emma for official use. Emma uses the car others purpose also along with official work (Pattenden, 2006). The company procure the car on May 1, 2015 for $ 33,000. Emma did tour by the car around 10,000 K. M. Within the period of 1st may 2015 to 31st March 2016. The company reimbursed Emma $ 550 for repairing expanse of the car. In order to repair the car was parked in the garage for 10 days and afterwards the car was parked at the airport. On September 1, 2015, the company sanctioned loan amount of $ 5, 00,000 and for this loan Emma has to pay 4.45% interest to the company. By the loan amount Emma has bought a holiday home for $ 450,000 as well as the balance amount of $ 50,000 she gave her husband for purchasing shares of Telstra (Fringe benefit tax, 2000). Throughout the period, Emma bought a bathtub produced by the Periwinkle Pty Ltd for $ 13, 00; however, the manufacturing cost of the bathtub is $ 700 and sold to the public at $ 2600. Fringe benefit tax The fringe benefit tax decide the benefit, which are given to the workers by the company or employer. The Fringe benefit tax is applied for the cash as well as non-cash benefits, which are provided by the companies to their employees (Plancich, 2003). Therefore, certain amount of exemption made for the tax benefits, which are mentioned below: Exempted loan Benefits given by the employers to the workers including car benefits for the purpose of the official work Housing allowance given to the employees by the employers is also fringe benefit Reallocation expanse given by the company to the employee The Fringe benefit tax is applicable for the car, house, transport, airline as well as for the car parking. The fringe benefit tax is defines the station wagon as a car which is used to carry the goods less than the weight of one ton and the vehicle is also used to carry the goods as per the management of the wastes and thus it also helps in the exact calculation of the strategies. However, if the passengers in the car which is provided to be employees, the definition of the car is signified as the fringe benefit of the taxes and thus it also helps in providing the benefits to the employees that are provided by the employers for the proper enhancement of the taxes for the computation of the benefits. The car that was provided by Emma also helps in 1qualifying the definition of the fringe benefits and thus t also helps in the relating the fringe benefit taxes to the car that was provided by the company (Double taxation, 2003). Therefore, the car provided by the company is under a frin ge benefit and as Emma used it for personal use, the company y has to pay Fringe benefit tax for giving car to the employee. As per the question Base value of the car is $33,000 Number of days applied for the car for fringe benefit tax =335-5 = 3 Assessable tax value $33000*20%*330/365 = $5,967 Less expenditure incur by the worker = $550 Fringe benefit tax $5,417 The treatment for the loan given to the worker by the company at low interest rate is also applicable for Fringe benefit. Moreover, the Fringe benefit tax is calculated at the time the company y gives the loan to the workers at low interest rate (Cerexhe, 2008). Therefore, the standard rate of interest free loan is applied for Fringe benefit tax and this can be computed according the given process: The standard rate of interest is 5.95% whereas the rate of the interest for the loan provided by the Company is 4.45%. Therefore, the fringe benefit tax would be calculated as follows:- 5,00,000* 1.50% = $7,500 The employee utilized $4, 50,000 and therefore the usage of the loan for buying of the house as well as the rest of the amount has been given to her husband (Apps, 2008). Therefore, Emma incurred $4, 50,000 for the house and thus the taxable value remains unchanged i.e. $7,500. Part b As per given in the case, the Emma utilizes the total amount for the loan in order to buy the property that are valued $ 4, 50,000 as well as the fringe benefits that are calculated by the process are as follows:- i) The assessable value for taxation on the loan fringe benefit devoid of the deductive value $7, 5005, 00,000*1.50% ii) In case of ignorance, any interest levied as well as expects that the loan was devoid of interest $5, 00,000*5.95% = $29,750, iii) Now assume that the worker made payment of the interest equal of the amount of assessable tax value $ 29,750*10/100 = $2,975 iv) Now, the actual circumstances that can be seen in case the worker is charged interest on the loan $5, 00,000*4.45%*10% = $2,225 v) Minus iv from iii $ 2,975- $2,225 = $750 vi) Assessable tax value (i-v) = $7500-$750 = $6,750 References Yoon Oh, (2012). A proposal to improve capital gain taxation in Korean income tax law.Journal of IFA, Korea, 28(2), pp.177-221. Toward tax reform. (2009). [Falls Church, Va.]: Tax Analysts. Prince, J. (2011).Tax for Australians for dummies. Richmond, Vic.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Poff, J. (2015). The Effect of Increases in the Capital Gain and Dividend Tax on the Effective Tax Rate for Investments in Stock.Journal of Business and Economics, 6(6), pp.1157-1164. Plancich, S. (2003). Mutual Fund Capital Gain Distributions and the Tax Reform Act of 1997.National Tax Journal, 56(1, Part 2), pp.271-296. Pattenden, K. (2006). Capital Structure Decisions Under Classical and Imputation Tax Systems: A Natural Test for Tax Effects in Australia.Australian Journal of Management, 31(1), pp.67-92. Park Nosu, and Hun Park, (2014). Research on Unified Application of Tax Laws related Contractual Rescindment on Capital Gain Tax, Gift Tax and Acquisition Tax.Seoul Tax Law Review, 20(1), pp.243-292. Newnham, M. (2012).Tax For Small Business. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Meagher, G. and Agrawal, N. (2008). Taxation Reform and Income Distribution in Australia.Australian Economic Review, 19(3), pp.33-56. Lee Jae Ho, (2009). A Study on the Taxation of Capital Gain from the Disposition of Treasury Stocks.Seoul Tax Law Review, 15(1), pp.341-387. KimSungKyun, (2007). Review of Inheritance Tax Systemfocused on unrealized capital gain.Seoul Tax Law Review, 13(2), pp.375-413. Hewson, J. (2014). The Politics of Tax Reform in Australia.Asia the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(3), pp.590-599. Fringe benefit tax. (2000). [Wellington, N.Z.]: Inland Revenue. Double taxation. (2003). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State. Cerexhe, P. (2008).Smarter property investment. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen Unwin. Apps, P. (2008). Comment:Taxation reform and income Distribution in Australia.Australian Economic Review, 19(3), pp.57-59.